'A timely and highly relevant contribution. Congratulations are due to the editors and contributing authors for producing such a valuable work.' - Leo-Paul Dana, Princeton University 'This is a comprehensive and ground-breaking volume on the complex relationships between enterprise, community and neighbourhood. The editors have succeeded in bringing together a wide variety of scholars who are at the cutting edge of research and theorising in this field. The book presents new and significant research findings and throws important new light on the contribution of entrepreneurship to community development at a local level.' - Peter Somerville, University of Lincoln, UK Despite the growing evidence on the importance of the neighbourhood, entrepreneurship studies have largely neglected the role of neighbourhoods. This book addresses the nexus between entrepreneurship, neighbourhoods and communities, confirming not only the importance of `the local' in entrepreneurship, but also filling huge gaps in the knowledge base regarding this tripartite relationship. Interdisciplinary chapters explore the importance of the neighbourhood and local social networks for individual entrepreneurs, highlighting the importance of `the local' in entrepreneurship across several countries. Considering entrepreneurship as a community-based, rather than individual, effort, key contributions explore how entrepreneurship can influence neighbourhoods and communities, in particular through entrepreneurial actions of residents joining forces. The book critically examines the ways in which entrepreneurship can benefit, shape and transform neighbourhoods, particularly those areas affected by social deprivation and poverty. Finally, it outlines a research agenda to further extend the scientific and policy-relevant knowledge on the relationships between entrepreneurship, neighbourhoods and communities. As a response to the international call for an interdisciplinary approach to entrepreneurship research and neighbourhood and community studies, this book will engage scholars and researchers from entrepreneurship studies, urban geography, housing studies, political studies, sociology and urban planning. Contributors include: N. Bailey, I. Capdevila, E. Casper-Futterman, J. Chrisman, M. de Beer, J. DeFilippis, R. Kleinhans, J. Lendrum, C. Mason, A.M. Peredo, D. Reuschke, E. Rijshouwer, V. Schutjens, E. Stam, S. Swider, S. Syrett, J. Uitermark, V. van de Vrande, M. van Ham, D. Varady, B. Volker, C. Williams, N. Williams

This volume addresses the increase in the number of firms in mixed or residential neighbourhoods. It offers a balanced and well-informed set of contributions on this significant spatial shift. These contributions focus on how these businesses make use of the Internet, how they are affected by urban policies, how they are embedded (also in an emotional sense) in their neighbourhoods, and how work and care are combined in home-based businesses. This volume, then, provides a timely and highly relevant comprehensive view of an important phenomenon not just in the Global North but also in the Global South.' - Robert C. Kloosterman, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands'This edited volume breaks new ground by examining a neglected but important issue. Given that over half of all businesses in many advanced economies are home-based, making the connections between entrepreneurship and peoples' homes and local neighbourhoods is essential for both national policies to increase start-up rates and local policies to promote economic development. This book will be required reading for all wishing to understand how to harness the significant but untapped potential for local growth by doing so.' - Colin C. Williams, University of Sheffield, UK Entrepreneurship in Cities focuses on the neglected role of the home and the residential neighbourhood context for entrepreneurship and businesses within cities. The overall objective of the book is to develop a new interdisciplinary perspective that links entrepreneurship research with neighbourhood and urban studies. A key contribution is to show that entrepreneurship in cities is more than agglomeration economies and high-tech clusters. This is the first book to connect entrepreneurship with neighbourhoods and homes, recognising that business activity in the city is not confined to central business districts, high streets and industrial estates but is also increasingly found in residential neighbourhoods. It highlights the importance of home-based businesses for the economy of cities. These often overlooked types of businesses and workers significantly contribute to the 'buzz' that makes cities favourable places to live and work. Including interdisciplinary and international perspectives, this will be an invaluable resource for researchers and Masters students in entrepreneurship, urban studies, geography, and planning, as well as practitioners involved in urban planning and development. Contributors: N. Bailey, B. Baldauf, S.-A. Barnes, H. Behle, S. Carter, W.A.V. Clark, M. de Hoyos, C. Ekinsmyth, I. Fischer-Krapohl, F. Flogel, S. Gartner, A. Green, H. Hanhoerster, C. Mason, G. Mollenhorst, S. Mwaura, D. Reuschke, V. Schutjens, A. Southern, S. Syrett, M. van Ham, H. Verrest, B. Volker, S. Weck, G. Whittam

The global financial and economic crisis that hit the world since 2008 has affected the lives of many people all over the world and resulted in declining incomes, rising unemployment, foreclosures, forced residential moves, and cut-backs in government expenditure. The extent to which the crisis has affected urban neighborhoods and has led to rising intra-urban inequalities, has not yet received much attention. The implemented budget cuts and austerity programs of national and local governments are likely to have hit some neighborhoods more than others. The authors of this this book, which come from a variety of countries and disciplines, show that the economic crisis has affected poor neighborhoods more severely than more affluent ones. The tendency of the state to retreat from these neighborhoods has negative consequences for their residents and may even nullify the investments that have been made in many poor neighborhoods in the recent past. This book was originally published as a special issue of Urban Geography.

The global financial and economic crisis that hit the world since 2008 has affected the lives of many people all over the world and resulted in declining incomes, rising unemployment, foreclosures, forced residential moves, and cut-backs in government expenditure. The extent to which the crisis has affected urban neighborhoods and has led to rising intra-urban inequalities, has not yet received much attention. The implemented budget cuts and austerity programs of national and local governments are likely to have hit some neighborhoods more than others. The authors of this this book, which come from a variety of countries and disciplines, show that the economic crisis has affected poor neighborhoods more severely than more affluent ones. The tendency of the state to retreat from these neighborhoods has negative consequences for their residents and may even nullify the investments that have been made in many poor neighborhoods in the recent past. This book was originally published as a special issue of Urban Geography.

Growing inequalities in Europe are a major challenge threatening the sustainability of urban communities and the competiveness of European cities. While the levels of socio-economic segregation in European cities are still modest compared to some parts of the world, the poor are increasingly concentrating spatially within capital cities across Europe. An overlooked area of research, this book offers a systematic and representative account of the spatial dimension of rising inequalities in Europe. This book provides rigorous comparative evidence on socio-economic segregation from 13 European cities. Cities include Amsterdam, Athens, Budapest, London, Milan, Madrid, Oslo, Prague, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vienna and Vilnius. Comparing 2001 and 2011, this multi-factor approach links segregation to four underlying universal structural factors: social inequalities, global city status, welfare regimes and housing systems. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Chapter1+A+Multi-Factor+Approach.pdf Chapter 15 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Chapter15+Inequality+and+Rising+Levels+of+Socio-Economic+Segregation.pdf

Growing inequalities in Europe are a major challenge threatening the sustainability of urban communities and the competiveness of European cities. While the levels of socio-economic segregation in European cities are still modest compared to some parts of the world, the poor are increasingly concentrating spatially within capital cities across Europe. An overlooked area of research, this book offers a systematic and representative account of the spatial dimension of rising inequalities in Europe. This book provides rigorous comparative evidence on socio-economic segregation from 13 European cities. Cities include Amsterdam, Athens, Budapest, London, Milan, Madrid, Oslo, Prague, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vienna and Vilnius. Comparing 2001 and 2011, this multi-factor approach links segregation to four underlying universal structural factors: social inequalities, global city status, welfare regimes and housing systems. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Chapter1+A+Multi-Factor+Approach.pdf Chapter 15 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Chapter15+Inequality+and+Rising+Levels+of+Socio-Economic+Segregation.pdf

This rare interdisciplinary combination of research into neighbourhood dynamics and effects attempts to unravel the complex relationship between disadvantaged neighbourhoods and the life outcomes of the residents who live therein. It seeks to overcome the notorious difficulties of establishing an empirical causal relationship between living in a disadvantaged area and the poorer health and well-being often found in such places. There remains a widespread belief in neighbourhood effects: that living in a poorer area can adversely affect residents' life chances. These chapters caution that neighbourhood effects cannot be fully understood without a profound understanding of the changes to, and selective mobility into and out of, these areas. Featuring fresh research findings from a number of countries and data sources, including from the UK, Australia, Sweden and the USA, this book offers fresh perspectives on neighbourhood choice and dynamics, as well as new material for social scientists, geographers and policy makers alike. It enriches neighbourhood effects research with insights from the closely related, but currently largely separate, literature on neighbourhood dynamics.

Over the last 25 years a vast body of literature has been published on neighbourhood effects: the idea that living in more deprived neighbourhoods has a negative effect on residents' life chances over and above the effect of their individual characteristics. The volume of work not only reflects academic and policy interest in this topic, but also the fact that we are still no closer to answering the question of how important neighbourhood effects actually are. There is little doubt that these effects exist, but we do not know enough about the causal mechanisms which produce them, their relative importance in shaping individual's life chances, the circumstances or conditions under which they are most important, or the most effective policy responses. Collectively, the chapters in this book offer new perspectives on these questions, and refocus the academic debate on neighbourhood effects. The book enriches the neighbourhood effects literature with insights from a wide range of disciplines and countries.

Over the last 25 years a vast body of literature has been published on neighbourhood effects: the idea that living in more deprived neighbourhoods has a negative effect on residents' life chances over and above the effect of their individual characteristics. The volume of work not only reflects academic and policy interest in this topic, but also the fact that we are still no closer to answering the question of how important neighbourhood effects actually are. There is little doubt that these effects exist, but we do not know enough about the causal mechanisms which produce them, their relative importance in shaping individual's life chances, the circumstances or conditions under which they are most important, or the most effective policy responses. Collectively, the chapters in this book offer new perspectives on these questions, and refocus the academic debate on neighbourhood effects. The book enriches the neighbourhood effects literature with insights from a wide range of disciplines and countries.

Robustandforensicanalysisofrelevantdatasupportedbyscienti?cmethodologies is key to challenging contemporary debates around the use and abuse of race statistics.Controversiessurroundingthecollection, interpretationanduseofrace, ethnicityandethnicgroupdatahavealonghistory.BeingrootedinEugenics, this area of study has sparked intense reactions over the years. The abuse of 'race' statisticsisnotonlyapparentduringtimesofuncertaintybuthasbeenentrenchedin social policies and political discourses in Britain since the 1950s. The collection of research studies in this book is therefore much needed and timely, not least becauseofrecentdebatessurroundingthenatureandinteractionsofminorityethnic populationsinBritain. The numbers game is not new in British political discourses but took a nasty turnpost9/11andpeakedpost7/7 withdiversitybeingnegativelyassociatedwith concernsinrelationtopopulationsegregation, communitycon?ictsandterrorism. This book effectively debunks several myths and misinterpretions pertaining to populationdiversity, spatialdensityandthenatureofsocialrelationshipsbetween minority and majority groups. More importantly, armed with scienti?c evidence, it challenges the claim that spatial segregation along ethnic and racial lines is necessarily an indication of community tensions, social fragmentation and communitycon?icts. Despite the obvious bene?ts of valid and reliable data on population diversity for understanding social change and improving social conditions, there was little appetiteonthepartoftheBritishGovernmenttoformallycollectnationalstatistics onethnicityuntil1991.Notwithstandingthis, thechaptersinthisbookdemonstrate thatdatafromthe1991and2001Censusescan, despitetheirlimitations, provide Kay Hampton (BA Hons, MA, PhD, FRSA, FHEA) is Professor in Communities and Race Relations at the Glasgow Caledonian University. She was Chair, Deputy Chair and Scottish Commissioner on the Commission for Racial Equality (2003-2007) and Commissioner on the EqualityandHumanRightsCommission(2006-2009).SheiscurrentlyaCommissionerforthe ScottishHumanRightsCommission. 1 ThebombingsoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkon9September2001andtheLondonbombings on7July2005. v vi Foreword useful baseline statistics for conducting in-depth, analytical studies in contested areasof'race'andethnicity.

This rare interdisciplinary combination of research into neighbourhood dynamics and effects attempts to unravel the complex relationship between disadvantaged neighbourhoods and the life outcomes of the residents who live therein. It seeks to overcome the notorious difficulties of establishing an empirical causal relationship between living in a disadvantaged area and the poorer health and well-being often found in such places. There remains a widespread belief in neighbourhood effects: that living in a poorer area can adversely affect residents' life chances. These chapters caution that neighbourhood effects cannot be fully understood without a profound understanding of the changes to, and selective mobility into and out of, these areas. Featuring fresh research findings from a number of countries and data sources, including from the UK, Australia, Sweden and the USA, this book offers fresh perspectives on neighbourhood choice and dynamics, as well as new material for social scientists, geographers and policy makers alike. It enriches neighbourhood effects research with insights from the closely related, but currently largely separate, literature on neighbourhood dynamics.

This open access book investigates the link between income inequality and socio-economic residential segregation in 24 large urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. It offers a unique global overview of segregation trends based on case studies by local author teams. The book shows important global trends in segregation, and proposes a Global Segregation Thesis. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries. This is causing convergence of segregation trends. Professionalisation of the workforce is leading to changing residential patterns. High-income workers are moving to city centres or to attractive coastal areas and gated communities, while poverty is increasingly suburbanising. As a result, the urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than changes in segregation levels. Rising levels of inequality and segregation pose huge challenges for the future social sustainability of cities, as cities are no longer places of opportunities for all.

Robustandforensicanalysisofrelevantdatasupportedbyscienti?cmethodologies is key to challenging contemporary debates around the use and abuse of race statistics.Controversiessurroundingthecollection, interpretationanduseofrace, ethnicityandethnicgroupdatahavealonghistory.BeingrootedinEugenics, this area of study has sparked intense reactions over the years. The abuse of 'race' statisticsisnotonlyapparentduringtimesofuncertaintybuthasbeenentrenchedin social policies and political discourses in Britain since the 1950s. The collection of research studies in this book is therefore much needed and timely, not least becauseofrecentdebatessurroundingthenatureandinteractionsofminorityethnic populationsinBritain. The numbers game is not new in British political discourses but took a nasty turnpost9/11andpeakedpost7/7 withdiversitybeingnegativelyassociatedwith concernsinrelationtopopulationsegregation, communitycon?ictsandterrorism. This book effectively debunks several myths and misinterpretions pertaining to populationdiversity, spatialdensityandthenatureofsocialrelationshipsbetween minority and majority groups. More importantly, armed with scienti?c evidence, it challenges the claim that spatial segregation along ethnic and racial lines is necessarily an indication of community tensions, social fragmentation and communitycon?icts. Despite the obvious bene?ts of valid and reliable data on population diversity for understanding social change and improving social conditions, there was little appetiteonthepartoftheBritishGovernmenttoformallycollectnationalstatistics onethnicityuntil1991.Notwithstandingthis, thechaptersinthisbookdemonstrate thatdatafromthe1991and2001Censusescan, despitetheirlimitations, provide Kay Hampton (BA Hons, MA, PhD, FRSA, FHEA) is Professor in Communities and Race Relations at the Glasgow Caledonian University. She was Chair, Deputy Chair and Scottish Commissioner on the Commission for Racial Equality (2003-2007) and Commissioner on the EqualityandHumanRightsCommission(2006-2009).SheiscurrentlyaCommissionerforthe ScottishHumanRightsCommission. 1 ThebombingsoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkon9September2001andtheLondonbombings on7July2005. v vi Foreword useful baseline statistics for conducting in-depth, analytical studies in contested areasof'race'andethnicity.